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Isard Labs Isard Labs

Technical documentation · Level 2 — Architecture

The machine, opened up.

Per platform: stack, module shape, data flow, what makes it distinctive, and how mature it is. Then how five independent codebases coordinate without ever importing one another.

Figures describe engineering footprint, not investment performance.

Architecture at a glance

Four engines around one commons.

AGORA · the commons every arrow is a file written to git — no platform imports another HEURESIS discover EPISTEME validate · the gate PRAXIS execute candidates green bundles KAIROS optional regime layer blessed regimes a strategy may gate on — opt-in

Three trust boundaries hold it together: no RPC or imports (coupling is files + git), validated bundles are frozen (machine-built, never hand-edited), and signals can’t skip the gate (a new primitive must be requested and implemented, not smuggled in).

Lifecycle data flow

One idea, traced through the filesystem.

StepActorWrites to AGORA
1 · proposeHEURESIScandidates/<batch>/*.yaml
2 · validateEPISTEMEresults/<batch>/*.scorecard.json
3 · promoteHEURESISbundles/<strategy>/ (git-committed)
opt · timeKAIROSregimes/<taxonomy>/*.parquet — only if a strategy gates on it
4 · executePRAXISjournal/YYYY-MM.jsonl (fills)

Every row is append-only or content-addressed. The journal threads them together, so any fill can be walked back to the search that produced it.

01 / 05 · platform

εὕρεσις — “discovery”

HEURESIS

The idea engine · discovery

HEURESIS · role & stack

Discovery, two ways — exhaustive and creative.

Grid mode enumerates a parameter space deterministically, cheapest-first. Hypothesis mode prompts an LLM for novel candidates, then validates its output through a strict schema. A YAML template sends both down a deterministic path before anything leaves the building.

Python 3.12Pydantic v2 (frozen)Typer CLIstructlogSQLite (WAL) KBClaude / Ollama / Mock

HEURESIS · architecture & differentiators

It talks to the validator through a subprocess and a folder — nothing else.

  • Never imports EPISTEME. It shells out to the epi CLI and reads/writes AGORA files — discovery and validation stay fully decoupled.
  • Deterministic template path. Campaign configs are frozen, thresholds load from the shared schema, and a config hash is recorded — same config, same candidate sequence.
  • Two-tier KB, three-layer de-dup. Its own knowledge base plus the validator’s history mean no candidate is ever paid to validate twice.
  • Hallucination containment. If the LLM invents a signal that doesn’t exist, HEURESIS files a structured request — it cannot edit the validator to make itself pass.

HEURESIS · maturity

Small, sharp, strictly typed.

~16K
lines of source — focused, not bloated
67
test suites · ≥90% branch-coverage gate
strict
mypy --strict + ruff enforced on every change

Actively developed — recent work adds an autonomous, agent-driven campaign mode that drives multi-round discovery and digests the validator’s feedback.

02 / 05 · platform

ἐπιστήμη — “demonstrable knowledge”

EPISTEME

The gate · validation

EPISTEME · role & stack

A 13-rung ladder that halts the moment a candidate fails.

The largest and most important platform. A spec climbs rungs spanning data quality, causality, costs, signal selection, walk-forward validation, significance, path risk, generalization, adversarial stress, Monte Carlo and deployment readiness. On green, it emits an executable bundle.

Python 3.12 · uv workspace42 atomic packagesPydantic v2pandas · numpy · scipyscikit-learnlocal LLM (Ollama)

EPISTEME · architecture

Forty-two single-purpose packages in an enforced layering.

  • Atomic libraries. One concern each — features, labels, cross-validation, portfolio, microstructure, regime, Monte Carlo, lifecycle — composed into the ladder.
  • The dependency graph is law. An import-linter contract forbids upward imports; a violation fails CI. The architecture can’t silently rot.
  • Fail loud. Typed exceptions only; a failed gate halts the run rather than quietly compensating later.
  • The validator core is human-authored. Only two narrow, schema-bound LLM nodes (intake and red-gate explanation) ever touch a live run.

EPISTEME · differentiators

The verdict is trustworthy because it can’t be argued with.

  • Pre-committed, immutable thresholds. Every pass/fail line is fixed in advance and audited. You cannot tune the gate to admit a marginal strategy.
  • Byte-identical reproducibility. The same spec and fixtures produce identical artifacts down to the byte — checked twice on every commit.
  • Institutional memory. Every run is content-addressed and kept; the archive of what didn’t work is itself an asset.

EPISTEME · maturity

The most heavily engineered platform in the stack.

42
atomic packages
~115K
lines of code & tooling
430
test suites · ≥90% branch gate
156
architecture decision records

Driven by dozens of consumer-feedback release cycles — the platform is in continuous, disciplined evolution.

03 / 05 · platform

καιρός — “the opportune moment”

KAIROS

The timing gate · regime validation

optional · a strategy uses it, or doesn’t

KAIROS · an elective capability

Off to the side of the core pipeline — by design.

a strategy spec no regime gate validated as-is — the regime rung is skipped entirely opt-in regime gate when_regime: … KAIROS-blessed stream validated regime labels

HEURESIS authors the classifier; KAIROS validates it (“Path B”). A strategy then references a blessed stream — or none at all.

KAIROS · architecture & differentiators

EPISTEME’s discipline, pointed at regime models.

  • Two verdicts. A classifier must first prove it identifies the right state, then that it gets the timing of state changes right — identification before duration.
  • Diagnostic rungs can never gate. Look-ahead-using evaluation rungs are allowed for insight but are mechanically barred from affecting the verdict.
  • Thresholds cite the literature and are immutable; drift fails CI.
  • Sibling-authored adapters. Other teams ship a classifier as a module behind a documented protocol — KAIROS validates it with zero per-candidate engineering.

KAIROS · maturity

Newest sibling, same rigor.

29
packages in a layered monorepo
53
architecture decision records
34
fixtures locked in a verdict-matrix audit

Correctness is held not only by coverage but by a matrix of known-good and known-bad fixtures: every rung must return the expected verdict on every fixture, byte-for-byte.

04 / 05 · platform

πρᾶξις — “putting into practice”

PRAXIS

The executor · live trading

PRAXIS · role & stack

Exchange-agnostic, and paranoid by design.

PRAXIS loads validated bundles, re-verifies them, and runs them live. Strategies are loaded as self-contained modules — PRAXIS holds no signal logic of its own; it is the disciplined runtime around someone else’s proven edge.

Python 3.12Pydantic v2pandas · pyarrowhttpx (HMAC-signed)FastAPI + Streamlit/ReactDocker

PRAXIS · architecture & differentiators

One process, many strategies, total isolation.

  • Determinism re-checked at load. Each bundle is replayed against its fixtures before it can trade; non-reproducible code never reaches the exchange.
  • Per-strategy crash isolation. Separate namespace, state and risk envelope per strategy — one blowing up halts only itself.
  • Two-layer circuit breaker. A portfolio drawdown ramp plus a fat-tail-aware stop, sized to respect the moves crypto actually makes.
  • Reconciled against reality. Positions and balances are reconciled against the exchange on a loop; drift beyond tolerance halts trading.

PRAXIS · maturity

Production-grade, and tested like it.

~32K
lines of engine source
~1 : 1
roughly as much test code as engine code
130
test suites — unit, conformance, property

Ships containerised with documented runbooks for deploy, promote, halt, reconcile and key rotation — operations are first-class, not an afterthought.

05 / 05 · platform

ἀγορά — “the public marketplace”

AGORA

The commons · coordination

AGORA · role & surfaces

A message bus with no server — just files and git.

HEURESIS EPISTEME KAIROS PRAXIS AGORA file surfaces schema · candidates · results · bundles · regimes · signal-requests append-only journal · 51 event types · the cross-platform source of truth

AGORA · architecture & differentiators

The boring choice that makes everything auditable.

  • Tracked vs ephemeral. Bundles, schemas and the journal are permanent; candidates and results are working files, swept by a garbage collector that refuses to touch protected paths.
  • The journal is the spine. An append-only event log — one source of truth for “what ran on a given day” that no single platform’s local state can answer.
  • A packet broker gives cross-team requests a real state machine (open → acknowledged → replied → closed) instead of ad-hoc messages.
  • Integrity by hashing. Every bundle file is SHA-256-mapped; tampering is detectable.

AGORA · maturity

Small surface, heavy guarantees.

51
event types in the journal vocabulary
800+
permanent cross-team hand-off records
20
architecture decision records

CI runs scheduled safety cycles and disaster-recovery drills — the commons polices its own integrity, not just its code.

How they coordinate

The whole contract, on one page.

SurfaceProducerConsumer
schema/EPISTEMEHEURESIS · KAIROS
candidates/ · results/HEURESIS · EPISTEMEeach other (ephemeral)
bundles/EPISTEMEPRAXIS
regime_requests/HEURESISKAIROS (optional)
regimes/KAIROSEPISTEME · PRAXIS (opt-in)
signal_requests/HEURESISEPISTEME
journal/all fouroperators · audit

No row in this table is a function call. Every one is a file in a git history.

Plain-language glossary

The acronyms, defined.

CI — continuous integration: automated lint, type and test checks run on every change.
ADR — architecture decision record: a dated, numbered rationale for a design choice.
LLM — large language model (here: local or Claude, on a tight leash).
KB — knowledge base: a platform’s record of prior runs and candidates.
WFV — walk-forward validation: train on the past, test on the unseen next window.
CPCV — combinatorial purged cross-validation: leakage-safe model testing.
FDR — false-discovery-rate control: guards against multiple-testing luck.
EVT / GPD — extreme value theory / generalized Pareto: fat-tail stop sizing.
HMM — hidden Markov model: a common regime classifier.
CUSUM — cumulative-sum monitor: detects live edge decay.
HMAC — hash-based signing: makes records and requests tamper-evident.
JSONL — JSON Lines: the append-only, one-event-per-line journal format.

Why the architecture is the moat

Anyone can write a backtest. Almost nobody builds this around it.

  • Determinism end-to-end — discovery logs its seeds, the validator is byte-reproducible, the executor refuses non-reproducible code.
  • Hard gates over judgement — thresholds are pre-committed and immutable in two independent validators (strategies and regimes).
  • Zero runtime coupling — five projects that can fail, evolve and deploy independently, joined only by an auditable commons.
  • The whole archive is evidence — every run, rejection and hand-off is kept and traceable. The discipline compounds.

Go deeper

You’ve seen the machine.
Now the internals.

L3 · Deep → names the methods — the rungs, the circuit breaker, the signal families, the governance — for reviewers who want to push on every claim.

Confidential — not for distribution. · Figures describe engineering footprint, not investment performance.